Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to compare the variability and convergence of strategic food prices before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The weekly prices data of 9 food commodities in 34 provinces during 2019 and 2020 was used. The price variability and convergence are analyzed using the coefficient of variation and dynamic data panel, respectively. The result showed that the rice, beef, red chilies, chicken meat, and chicken eggs experienced a decrease in price variability while sugar, shallots, garlic, and cayenne pepper exhibited the opposite. Prices movement among regions tends to show increasing price variability, with the exception of chicken eggs. Some efforts such as supply management through structuring production over time, efficiency of distribution between regions is imperative to stabilize food prices. Besides, efforts such as a market contract system, warehouse receipt systems and strengthening Local Government-Owned Enterprise for food supply management are crucial.
Keywords: horticulture; convergence; dynamic panel data; variability
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan variabilitas dan konvergensi harga pangan strategis sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah harga mingguan 9 komoditas pangan di 34 provinsi selama 2019 dan 2020. Variabilitas dan konvergensi harga dianalisis menggunakan koefisien variasi dan data panel dinamis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beras, daging sapi, cabai merah, daging ayam, dan telur ayam mengalami penurunan variabilitas harga, sedangkan gula, bawang merah,
bawang putih, dan cabai rawit mengalami sebaliknya. Pergerakan harga antar wilayah menunjukkan variabilitas harga yang cenderung meningkat, kecuali harga telur ayam. Beberapa hal yang dapat dilakukan untuk menstabilkan harga pangan adalah manajemen pasokan melalui penataan produksi antar waktu dan efisiensi distribusi antar daerah. Selain itu, sistem kontrak pemasaran, sistem resi gudang, dan penguatan Badan Usaha Milik Daerah untuk pengelolaan pasokan makanan sangatlah penting.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- Badan Ketahanan Pangan Kementerian Pertanian. (2019). Buletin pasokan dan harga pangan. Kementerian Pertanian. Diakses 11 Maret 2021 dari http://bkp.pertanian.go.id/detail-kategori/Buletin.
- Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Perkembangan indeks harga konsumen/inflasi. Diaskes 2 April 2021 dari https://www.bps.go.id/subject/3/inflasi.html#subjekViewTab3.
- Bank Indonesia. (2020). Tinjauan kebijakan moneter Desember 2020. Diakses 10 Februari 2021 dari https://www.bi.go.id/id/publikasi/laporan/Pages/Tinjauan-Kebijakan-Moneter-Desember-2020.aspx.
- Barro, R. J., Sala-i-Martin, X., Blanchard, O. J., & Hall, R. E. (1991). Convergence across states and regions. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1991(1), 107-182. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2534639.
- Budiyanti, E. (2020). Dampak virus corona terhadap sektor perdagangan dan pariwisata Indonesia. Info Singkat, 12(4), 19-24. Diakses 23 Desember 2020 dari https://berkas.dpr.go.id/puslit/files/info singkat/Info%20Singkat-XII-4-II-P3DI-Februari-2020-219.pdf.
- FAO. (2010). Agriculture and consumer protection. ”Dimensions of need - staple foods: What do people eat?”. Food and Agriculture Organization. Diakses 15 Februari 2021 dari http://www.fao.org/3/u8480e/u8480e07.htm.
- FAO. (2020). Addressing the impacts of COVID-19 in food crises — April–December 2020: FAO’s component of the global COVID-19 humanitarian response plan. Food and Agriculture Organization. Diakses 10 Maret 2021 dari http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/ca8497en/.
- Firdaus, M., & Gunawan, I. (2012). Integration among regional vegetable markets in Indonesia. Journal of International Society for Southeast Asian Agricultural Sciences (ISSAAS), 18(2), 96-106.
- Gilbert, C. L., & Morgan, C. W. (2010). Food price volatility. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 365(1554), 3023-3034. doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0139.
- Julitasari, E. N., & Suwarta, S. (2020). Analisis nilai tambah produk cabe akibat over supply di masa pandemi COVID-19 (Studi di Kecamatan Karangploso Kabupaten Malang). In Conference on Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (CIASTECH 2020), Universitas Widyagama Malang, 02 Desember 2020, pp. 285-292.
- Kariyasa, I. K., & Sinaga, B. M. (2016). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku pasar jagung di Indonesia. Jurnal Agro Ekonomi, 22(2), 167-194. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jae.v22n2.2004.167-194.
- Kementerian Perdagangan. (2015). Rencana strategis 2015-2019. Diakses Oktober 2020 dari https://www.kemendag.go.id/id/about-us/strategic-planning/rencana-strategis-2015-2019.
- Magfiroh, I. S., Zainuddin, A., Setyawati, I. K., & Rahman, R. Y. (2017). Respon harga produsen terhadap perubahan harga konsumen bawang merah di Indonesia. JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics), 10(3), 7-15. doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/jsep.v10i3.6481.
- Meyer, J., & von Cramon-Taubadel, S. (2004). Asymmetric price transmission: a survey. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 55(3), 581-611. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2004.tb00116.x.
- Miller, D. J., & Hayenga, M. L. (2001). Price cycles and asymmetric price transmission in the US pork market. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 83(3), 551-562. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/0002-9092.00177.
- PIHPS. (2021). Informasi harga pangan antar daerah. Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan Strategis Nasional. Diakses 15 Maret 2021 dari https://hargapangan.id/.
- Prastowo, N. J., Yanuarti, T., & Depari, Y. (2008). Pengaruh distribusi dalam pembentukan harga komoditas dan implikasinya terhadap inflasi. Working paper Bank Indonesia WP/07/2008.
- Ramadhani, D. A., & Sumanjaya, R. (2014). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketersediaan kedelai di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan, 2(3), 131-145.
- Sari, D. L. (2010). Analisis spread harga gabah dan beras serta integrasi pasar dan komoditas (Tesis, IPB University).
- Serra, T., & Gil, J. M. (2013). Price volatility in food markets: can stock building mitigate price fluctuations?. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 40(3), 507-528. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbs041.
References
Badan Ketahanan Pangan Kementerian Pertanian. (2019). Buletin pasokan dan harga pangan. Kementerian Pertanian. Diakses 11 Maret 2021 dari http://bkp.pertanian.go.id/detail-kategori/Buletin.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Perkembangan indeks harga konsumen/inflasi. Diaskes 2 April 2021 dari https://www.bps.go.id/subject/3/inflasi.html#subjekViewTab3.
Bank Indonesia. (2020). Tinjauan kebijakan moneter Desember 2020. Diakses 10 Februari 2021 dari https://www.bi.go.id/id/publikasi/laporan/Pages/Tinjauan-Kebijakan-Moneter-Desember-2020.aspx.
Barro, R. J., Sala-i-Martin, X., Blanchard, O. J., & Hall, R. E. (1991). Convergence across states and regions. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1991(1), 107-182. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2534639.
Budiyanti, E. (2020). Dampak virus corona terhadap sektor perdagangan dan pariwisata Indonesia. Info Singkat, 12(4), 19-24. Diakses 23 Desember 2020 dari https://berkas.dpr.go.id/puslit/files/info singkat/Info%20Singkat-XII-4-II-P3DI-Februari-2020-219.pdf.
FAO. (2010). Agriculture and consumer protection. ”Dimensions of need - staple foods: What do people eat?”. Food and Agriculture Organization. Diakses 15 Februari 2021 dari http://www.fao.org/3/u8480e/u8480e07.htm.
FAO. (2020). Addressing the impacts of COVID-19 in food crises — April–December 2020: FAO’s component of the global COVID-19 humanitarian response plan. Food and Agriculture Organization. Diakses 10 Maret 2021 dari http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/ca8497en/.
Firdaus, M., & Gunawan, I. (2012). Integration among regional vegetable markets in Indonesia. Journal of International Society for Southeast Asian Agricultural Sciences (ISSAAS), 18(2), 96-106.
Gilbert, C. L., & Morgan, C. W. (2010). Food price volatility. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 365(1554), 3023-3034. doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0139.
Julitasari, E. N., & Suwarta, S. (2020). Analisis nilai tambah produk cabe akibat over supply di masa pandemi COVID-19 (Studi di Kecamatan Karangploso Kabupaten Malang). In Conference on Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (CIASTECH 2020), Universitas Widyagama Malang, 02 Desember 2020, pp. 285-292.
Kariyasa, I. K., & Sinaga, B. M. (2016). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku pasar jagung di Indonesia. Jurnal Agro Ekonomi, 22(2), 167-194. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jae.v22n2.2004.167-194.
Kementerian Perdagangan. (2015). Rencana strategis 2015-2019. Diakses Oktober 2020 dari https://www.kemendag.go.id/id/about-us/strategic-planning/rencana-strategis-2015-2019.
Magfiroh, I. S., Zainuddin, A., Setyawati, I. K., & Rahman, R. Y. (2017). Respon harga produsen terhadap perubahan harga konsumen bawang merah di Indonesia. JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics), 10(3), 7-15. doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/jsep.v10i3.6481.
Meyer, J., & von Cramon-Taubadel, S. (2004). Asymmetric price transmission: a survey. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 55(3), 581-611. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2004.tb00116.x.
Miller, D. J., & Hayenga, M. L. (2001). Price cycles and asymmetric price transmission in the US pork market. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 83(3), 551-562. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/0002-9092.00177.
PIHPS. (2021). Informasi harga pangan antar daerah. Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan Strategis Nasional. Diakses 15 Maret 2021 dari https://hargapangan.id/.
Prastowo, N. J., Yanuarti, T., & Depari, Y. (2008). Pengaruh distribusi dalam pembentukan harga komoditas dan implikasinya terhadap inflasi. Working paper Bank Indonesia WP/07/2008.
Ramadhani, D. A., & Sumanjaya, R. (2014). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketersediaan kedelai di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan, 2(3), 131-145.
Sari, D. L. (2010). Analisis spread harga gabah dan beras serta integrasi pasar dan komoditas (Tesis, IPB University).
Serra, T., & Gil, J. M. (2013). Price volatility in food markets: can stock building mitigate price fluctuations?. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 40(3), 507-528. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbs041.