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September 28, 2022
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October 19, 2022
Published
November 15, 2022
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Abstract
Fenomena ageing population menyebabkan proporsi penduduk tidak produktif dibandingkan penduduk usia produktif berpotensi meningkatkan angka rasio ketergantungan di Indonesia. Salah satu upaya untuk meminimalisir dampak negatif tersebut adalah dengan mengoptimalkan partisipasi penduduk lansia dalam dunia kerja. Untuk itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi fenomena ageing population dan variabel determinan dari keputusan bekerja penduduk lansia. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 5 provinsi yang memiliki proporsi penduduk lansia tinggi namun minim dalam partisipasi kerja. Diantara seluruh variabel tersebut kondisi kesehatan/gangguan fungsional adalah variabel yang paling signifikan memengaruhi kecenderungan lansia untuk bekerja. Kedepannya agar partisipasi kerja penduduk lansia makin tinggi maka perbaikan terhadap infrastruktur pendidikan, kesehatan dan layanan internet di suatu
wilayah sangat diperlukan.
Keywords
ageing population
demografi
pekerja lansia
regresi logistik
Article Details
How to Cite
Puri, I. A. W. R. I., & Wasudewa, A. A. N. G. (2022). Ageing Population dan Determinan Keputusan Bekerja Penduduk Lanjut Usia di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Indonesia, 11(2), 159–172. https://doi.org/10.52813/jei.v11i2.233
References
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Kependudukan Indonesia, 15(2), 119-132. doi: https://doi.org/10.14203/jki.v15i2.604.
[2] Andini, N. K., Nilakusmawati, D. P. E., & Susilawati, M. (2013). Faktor-faktor yang
memengaruhi penduduk lanjut usia masih bekerja. Piramida Jurnal Kependudukan
dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia, 9(1), 44-49.
[3] BPS. (2021). Statistik penduduk lanjut usia 2021. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.
[4] Berde, ´ E., & Kuncz, I. (2019). Active ageing index, new emphasis within the same
methodology. the role of the internet. Studia Universitatis Vasile Goldis,
Arad, Seria
S,
tiint,e Economice, 29(4), 1-20.
[5] De Angeli, A., Jovanovi´c, M., McNeill, A., & Coventry, L. (2020). Desires for active
ageing technology. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 138, 102412. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2020.102412.
[6] Heryanah, H. (2015). Ageing population dan bonus demografi kedua di Indonesia.
Populasi, 23(2), 1-16. doi: https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.15692.
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(3rd edition). JohnWiley & Sons.
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yang mempengaruhi keterlibatan penduduk lanjut usia dalam pasar kerja
di Provinsi Jambi. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik, 30(2), 197-205. doi:
https://doi.org/10.20473/mkp.V30I22017.197-205.
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dan kesehatan terhadap partisipasi kerja penduduk lansia wanita di
Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, 2(3), 51-56. doi: http://
dx.doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v2i3.12678.
[10] Kurniawati, E., & Sugiyanto, C. (2021). Pengaruh struktur umur penduduk terhadap
pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia, 21(1),
41-58. doi: https://doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v21i1.1209.
[11] Nur, M. R. F., & Oktora, S. I. (2020). Analisis kurva ROC pada model logit
dalam pemodelan determinan lansia bekerja di Kawasan Timur Indonesia.
Indonesian Journal of Statistics and Its Applications, 4(1), 116-135. doi: https://
doi.org/10.29244/ijsa.v4i1.524.
[12] Ogawa, N., Lee, S. H., & Matsukura, R. (2005). Health and its impact on work and
Jurnal Ekonomi Indonesia Volume 11 Number 2, 2022
172 Ageing Population dan Determinan Keputusan Bekerja ...
dependency among the elderly in Japan. Asian Population Studies, 1(1), 121-145. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730500126019.
[13] Oshio, T., Oishi, A. S., & Shimizutani, S. (2018a). Social security programs and elderly
employment in Japan. in A. B¨orsch-Supan & C. Coile (eds.), Social Security programs
and retirement around the world: reforms and retirement incentives, pp. 271-296, National
Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/books-and-chapters/
social-security-programs-and-retirement-around-world-reforms-and-retirementincentives/
social-security-programs-and-elderly-employment-japan.
[14] Oshio, T., Usui, E., & Shimizutani, S. (2018b). Labor force participation of the elderly
in Japan. NBER Working Paper, 24614. National Bureau of Economic Research. doi:
10.3386/w24614.
[15] Reddy, A. B. (2016). Labour force participation of elderly in India: patterns
and determinants. International Journal of Social Economics, 43(5), 502-516. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-11-2014-0221.
[16] Rijanta, R., Listyaningsih, U., & Amri, Y. (2022). Faktor sosial dan demografi yang
berhubungan dengan pekerja lansia di Indonesia. Jurnal Litbang Sukowati: Media Penelitian
dan Pengembangan, 5(2), 1-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.32630/sukowati.v5i2.188.
[17] Sumarsono, F. S. (2015). Analisis partisipasi kerja penduduk lanjut usia di Indonesia.
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB, 4(1).
[18] Tan, Y., Liu, X., Sun, H., & Zeng, C. C. (2022). Population ageing, labour market
rigidity and corporate innovation: Evidence from China. Research Policy, 51(2), 104428.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104428.
[19] Utami, N. P. D., & Rustariyuni, S. D. (2016). Pengaruh variabel sosial
demografi terhadap keputusan penduduk lanjut usia memilih bekerja di
Kecamatan Kediri. Jurnal Ekonomi Kuantitatif Terapan, 9(2), 135-141. doi: https://
doi.org/10.24843/JEKT.2017.v09.i02.p06.
[20] UNFPA. (2014). Indonesia on the threshold of population ageing. UNFPA Indonesia
Monograph Series, 1. Jakarta: United Nation Funds for Population Activities.
https://indonesia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/BUKU Monograph
No1 Ageing 03 Low-res.pdf.
[21] UN. (2019). World population ageing 2019. New York: Department of
Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations.
https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/
ageing/WorldPopulationAgeing2019-Report.pdf.
[22] OECD. (2015). Ageing in cities. Organisation for Economic Cooperation
and Development. Paris: OECD Publishing. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264231160-en.
[23] Xiaobing, H., & Meng, C. (2022). The impact of internet use on community participation
of older adults: evidence from China. SAGE Open, 12(2), 21582440221097387.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221097387.
[24] Wu, F., Yang, H., Gao, B., & Gu, Y. (2021). Old, not yet rich? The impact of population
aging on export upgrading in developing countries. China Economic Review, 70,
101707. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2021.101707.
References
[1] Ananta, A. (2021). Prospek mega-demografi menuju Indonesia emas 2045. Jurnal
Kependudukan Indonesia, 15(2), 119-132. doi: https://doi.org/10.14203/jki.v15i2.604.
[2] Andini, N. K., Nilakusmawati, D. P. E., & Susilawati, M. (2013). Faktor-faktor yang
memengaruhi penduduk lanjut usia masih bekerja. Piramida Jurnal Kependudukan
dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia, 9(1), 44-49.
[3] BPS. (2021). Statistik penduduk lanjut usia 2021. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.
[4] Berde, ´ E., & Kuncz, I. (2019). Active ageing index, new emphasis within the same
methodology. the role of the internet. Studia Universitatis Vasile Goldis,
Arad, Seria
S,
tiint,e Economice, 29(4), 1-20.
[5] De Angeli, A., Jovanovi´c, M., McNeill, A., & Coventry, L. (2020). Desires for active
ageing technology. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 138, 102412. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2020.102412.
[6] Heryanah, H. (2015). Ageing population dan bonus demografi kedua di Indonesia.
Populasi, 23(2), 1-16. doi: https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.15692.
[7] Hosmer Jr, D. W., Lemeshow, S., & Sturdivant, R. X. (2013). Applied logistic regression
(3rd edition). JohnWiley & Sons.
[8] Junaidi, J., Erfit, E., & Purwaka, H. P. (2017). Faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi
yang mempengaruhi keterlibatan penduduk lanjut usia dalam pasar kerja
di Provinsi Jambi. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik, 30(2), 197-205. doi:
https://doi.org/10.20473/mkp.V30I22017.197-205.
[9] Kurnia, P., & Anis, A. (2020). Pengaruh pendidikan, status perkawinan
dan kesehatan terhadap partisipasi kerja penduduk lansia wanita di
Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, 2(3), 51-56. doi: http://
dx.doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v2i3.12678.
[10] Kurniawati, E., & Sugiyanto, C. (2021). Pengaruh struktur umur penduduk terhadap
pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia, 21(1),
41-58. doi: https://doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v21i1.1209.
[11] Nur, M. R. F., & Oktora, S. I. (2020). Analisis kurva ROC pada model logit
dalam pemodelan determinan lansia bekerja di Kawasan Timur Indonesia.
Indonesian Journal of Statistics and Its Applications, 4(1), 116-135. doi: https://
doi.org/10.29244/ijsa.v4i1.524.
[12] Ogawa, N., Lee, S. H., & Matsukura, R. (2005). Health and its impact on work and
Jurnal Ekonomi Indonesia Volume 11 Number 2, 2022
172 Ageing Population dan Determinan Keputusan Bekerja ...
dependency among the elderly in Japan. Asian Population Studies, 1(1), 121-145. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730500126019.
[13] Oshio, T., Oishi, A. S., & Shimizutani, S. (2018a). Social security programs and elderly
employment in Japan. in A. B¨orsch-Supan & C. Coile (eds.), Social Security programs
and retirement around the world: reforms and retirement incentives, pp. 271-296, National
Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/books-and-chapters/
social-security-programs-and-retirement-around-world-reforms-and-retirementincentives/
social-security-programs-and-elderly-employment-japan.
[14] Oshio, T., Usui, E., & Shimizutani, S. (2018b). Labor force participation of the elderly
in Japan. NBER Working Paper, 24614. National Bureau of Economic Research. doi:
10.3386/w24614.
[15] Reddy, A. B. (2016). Labour force participation of elderly in India: patterns
and determinants. International Journal of Social Economics, 43(5), 502-516. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-11-2014-0221.
[16] Rijanta, R., Listyaningsih, U., & Amri, Y. (2022). Faktor sosial dan demografi yang
berhubungan dengan pekerja lansia di Indonesia. Jurnal Litbang Sukowati: Media Penelitian
dan Pengembangan, 5(2), 1-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.32630/sukowati.v5i2.188.
[17] Sumarsono, F. S. (2015). Analisis partisipasi kerja penduduk lanjut usia di Indonesia.
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB, 4(1).
[18] Tan, Y., Liu, X., Sun, H., & Zeng, C. C. (2022). Population ageing, labour market
rigidity and corporate innovation: Evidence from China. Research Policy, 51(2), 104428.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104428.
[19] Utami, N. P. D., & Rustariyuni, S. D. (2016). Pengaruh variabel sosial
demografi terhadap keputusan penduduk lanjut usia memilih bekerja di
Kecamatan Kediri. Jurnal Ekonomi Kuantitatif Terapan, 9(2), 135-141. doi: https://
doi.org/10.24843/JEKT.2017.v09.i02.p06.
[20] UNFPA. (2014). Indonesia on the threshold of population ageing. UNFPA Indonesia
Monograph Series, 1. Jakarta: United Nation Funds for Population Activities.
https://indonesia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/BUKU Monograph
No1 Ageing 03 Low-res.pdf.
[21] UN. (2019). World population ageing 2019. New York: Department of
Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations.
https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/
ageing/WorldPopulationAgeing2019-Report.pdf.
[22] OECD. (2015). Ageing in cities. Organisation for Economic Cooperation
and Development. Paris: OECD Publishing. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264231160-en.
[23] Xiaobing, H., & Meng, C. (2022). The impact of internet use on community participation
of older adults: evidence from China. SAGE Open, 12(2), 21582440221097387.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221097387.
[24] Wu, F., Yang, H., Gao, B., & Gu, Y. (2021). Old, not yet rich? The impact of population
aging on export upgrading in developing countries. China Economic Review, 70,
101707. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2021.101707.
Kependudukan Indonesia, 15(2), 119-132. doi: https://doi.org/10.14203/jki.v15i2.604.
[2] Andini, N. K., Nilakusmawati, D. P. E., & Susilawati, M. (2013). Faktor-faktor yang
memengaruhi penduduk lanjut usia masih bekerja. Piramida Jurnal Kependudukan
dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia, 9(1), 44-49.
[3] BPS. (2021). Statistik penduduk lanjut usia 2021. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.
[4] Berde, ´ E., & Kuncz, I. (2019). Active ageing index, new emphasis within the same
methodology. the role of the internet. Studia Universitatis Vasile Goldis,
Arad, Seria
S,
tiint,e Economice, 29(4), 1-20.
[5] De Angeli, A., Jovanovi´c, M., McNeill, A., & Coventry, L. (2020). Desires for active
ageing technology. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 138, 102412. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2020.102412.
[6] Heryanah, H. (2015). Ageing population dan bonus demografi kedua di Indonesia.
Populasi, 23(2), 1-16. doi: https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.15692.
[7] Hosmer Jr, D. W., Lemeshow, S., & Sturdivant, R. X. (2013). Applied logistic regression
(3rd edition). JohnWiley & Sons.
[8] Junaidi, J., Erfit, E., & Purwaka, H. P. (2017). Faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi
yang mempengaruhi keterlibatan penduduk lanjut usia dalam pasar kerja
di Provinsi Jambi. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik, 30(2), 197-205. doi:
https://doi.org/10.20473/mkp.V30I22017.197-205.
[9] Kurnia, P., & Anis, A. (2020). Pengaruh pendidikan, status perkawinan
dan kesehatan terhadap partisipasi kerja penduduk lansia wanita di
Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, 2(3), 51-56. doi: http://
dx.doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v2i3.12678.
[10] Kurniawati, E., & Sugiyanto, C. (2021). Pengaruh struktur umur penduduk terhadap
pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia, 21(1),
41-58. doi: https://doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v21i1.1209.
[11] Nur, M. R. F., & Oktora, S. I. (2020). Analisis kurva ROC pada model logit
dalam pemodelan determinan lansia bekerja di Kawasan Timur Indonesia.
Indonesian Journal of Statistics and Its Applications, 4(1), 116-135. doi: https://
doi.org/10.29244/ijsa.v4i1.524.
[12] Ogawa, N., Lee, S. H., & Matsukura, R. (2005). Health and its impact on work and
Jurnal Ekonomi Indonesia Volume 11 Number 2, 2022
172 Ageing Population dan Determinan Keputusan Bekerja ...
dependency among the elderly in Japan. Asian Population Studies, 1(1), 121-145. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730500126019.
[13] Oshio, T., Oishi, A. S., & Shimizutani, S. (2018a). Social security programs and elderly
employment in Japan. in A. B¨orsch-Supan & C. Coile (eds.), Social Security programs
and retirement around the world: reforms and retirement incentives, pp. 271-296, National
Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/books-and-chapters/
social-security-programs-and-retirement-around-world-reforms-and-retirementincentives/
social-security-programs-and-elderly-employment-japan.
[14] Oshio, T., Usui, E., & Shimizutani, S. (2018b). Labor force participation of the elderly
in Japan. NBER Working Paper, 24614. National Bureau of Economic Research. doi:
10.3386/w24614.
[15] Reddy, A. B. (2016). Labour force participation of elderly in India: patterns
and determinants. International Journal of Social Economics, 43(5), 502-516. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-11-2014-0221.
[16] Rijanta, R., Listyaningsih, U., & Amri, Y. (2022). Faktor sosial dan demografi yang
berhubungan dengan pekerja lansia di Indonesia. Jurnal Litbang Sukowati: Media Penelitian
dan Pengembangan, 5(2), 1-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.32630/sukowati.v5i2.188.
[17] Sumarsono, F. S. (2015). Analisis partisipasi kerja penduduk lanjut usia di Indonesia.
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB, 4(1).
[18] Tan, Y., Liu, X., Sun, H., & Zeng, C. C. (2022). Population ageing, labour market
rigidity and corporate innovation: Evidence from China. Research Policy, 51(2), 104428.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104428.
[19] Utami, N. P. D., & Rustariyuni, S. D. (2016). Pengaruh variabel sosial
demografi terhadap keputusan penduduk lanjut usia memilih bekerja di
Kecamatan Kediri. Jurnal Ekonomi Kuantitatif Terapan, 9(2), 135-141. doi: https://
doi.org/10.24843/JEKT.2017.v09.i02.p06.
[20] UNFPA. (2014). Indonesia on the threshold of population ageing. UNFPA Indonesia
Monograph Series, 1. Jakarta: United Nation Funds for Population Activities.
https://indonesia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/BUKU Monograph
No1 Ageing 03 Low-res.pdf.
[21] UN. (2019). World population ageing 2019. New York: Department of
Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations.
https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/
ageing/WorldPopulationAgeing2019-Report.pdf.
[22] OECD. (2015). Ageing in cities. Organisation for Economic Cooperation
and Development. Paris: OECD Publishing. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264231160-en.
[23] Xiaobing, H., & Meng, C. (2022). The impact of internet use on community participation
of older adults: evidence from China. SAGE Open, 12(2), 21582440221097387.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221097387.
[24] Wu, F., Yang, H., Gao, B., & Gu, Y. (2021). Old, not yet rich? The impact of population
aging on export upgrading in developing countries. China Economic Review, 70,
101707. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2021.101707.