Analisis Pengaruh Aktivitas Ekonomi terhadap Peningkatan Emisi Karbon: Studi Empiris Empat Negara ASEAN

Muhammad Adi Adrian

doi:10.52813/jei.v12i2.379

Muhammad Adi Adrian Universitas Negeri Semarang

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52813/jei.v12i2.379

Keywords: emisi CO2, PDB, lingkungan, deforestasi, konsumsi energi

Abstract

Peningkatan suhu global dan perubahan iklim yang terjadi selama satu dekade terakhir merupakan hasil dari peningkatan emisi CO2. Beberapa faktor seperti aktivitas ekonomi (diukur dengan Produk Domestik Bruto/PDB), populasi, deforestasi, dan konsumsi energi diduga berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan emisi CO2. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data panel untuk menganalisis hubungan antara pertumbuhan PDB, jumlah penduduk, deforestasi, dan konsumsi energi terhadap peningkatan emisi CO2 di empat negara ASEAN (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, dan Vietnam) pada tahun 2001–2021. Metode estimasi yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel dengan Fixed Effect Model (FEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial pertumbuhan PDB dan konsumsi energi berpengaruh positif, sedangkan jumlah penduduk dan deforestasi tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap emisi CO2. Peningkatan emisi karbon di empat negara ASEAN lebih
disebabkan oleh besarnya konsumsi energi yang dihasilkan masyarat dan pertumbuhan ekonomi, bukan disebabkan oleh deforestasi dan pertumbuhan penduduk.

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