Harga Energi dan Tingkat Kemiskinan di Indonesia
Abstract
Studi ini menguji dampak kenaikan harga energi terhadap kemiskinan di Indonesia. Konsep kemiskinan meliputi kemiskinan agregat, perdesaan dan perkotaan, wilayah, serta periode sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19. Studi menggunakan data panel 34 provinsi pada periode 2013 hingga 2022. Metode estimasi yang digunakan adalah Generalized Method of Moment (GMM). Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan harga energi meningkatkan kemiskinan di Indonesia, baik dalam hal kemiskinan agregat maupun kemiskinan pedesaan atau perkotaan. Pada aspek kewilayahan, ditemukan bahwa dampak dari kenaikan harga energi lebih besar pengaruhnya pada tingkat kemiskinan di Jawa dibandingkan luar Jawa. Bukti empiris menunjukkan bahwa dampak kenaikan harga energi lebih besar terhadap kemiskinan selama periode pandemi Covid-19 dibandingkan periode sebelum pandemi. Hasil ini mengimplikasikan bahwa Pemerintah perlu fokus pada stabilitasi harga energi melalui penciptaan ketahanan energi, terutama untuk energi baru dan terbarukan.
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